Note: If you want to see how to handle these in React, take a look at my new post on that here - handling async errors with axios in react.
Whenever you're making a backend API call with axios, you have to consider what to do with the .catch()
block of your promise. Now, you might think that your API is highly available and it'll be running 24/7. You might think that the user workflow is pretty clear, your javascript is sane, and you have unit tests. So when you stare at the catch block when making requests using axios
you might think - "Well... I'll just console.log it. That'll be fine."
axios.get('/my-highly-available-api').then(response => {
// do stuff
})
.catch(err => {
// what now?
console.log(err);
})
But there are so many many many more things that are outside of your control that could throw errors when making API requests. And you probably don't even know that they're happening!
This post deals mainly with errors you see in the browser. Things can get pretty funny looking on the back end too - just take a look at 3 things you might see in your backend logs
Below are 3 types of errors that could appear, and how to handle it, when using axios.
Catching axios errors
Below is a snippet I've started including in a few JS projects.
axios.post(url, data).then(res => {
// do good things
})
.catch(err => {
if (err.response) {
// client received an error response (5xx, 4xx)
} else if (err.request) {
// client never received a response, or request never left
} else {
// anything else
}
})
Each condition is meant to capture a different type of error.
Checking error.response
If your error object contains a response
field, that means your server responded with a 4xx/5xx error. Usually this is the error we're most familiar with, and is most straightforward to handle.
Do things like a show a 404 Not Found page/error message if your API returns a 404. Show a different error message if your backend is returning a 5xx or not returning anything at all. You might think your well-architected backend won't throw errors - but its a matter of when, not if.
Checking error.request
The second class of errors is where you don't have a response but there's a request field attached to the error. When does this happen? This happens when the browser was able to make a request, but for some reason, it didn't see a response.
This can happen if:
- you're in a spotty network (think underground subway, or a building wireless network)
- if your backend is hanging on each request and not returning a response on time
- if you are making cross-domain requests and you're not authorized to make the request
- if you're making cross-domain requests and you are authorized, but the backend API returns an error
One of the more common versions of this error had a message "Network Error" which is a useless error message. We have a front-end and a backend api hosted on different domains, so every backend API call is a cross-domain request.
Due to security constraints on JS in the browser, if you make an API request, and it fails due to crappy networks, the only error you'll see is "Network Error" which is incredibly unhelpful. It can mean anything from "your device doesn't have internet connectivity" to "your OPTIONS returned a 5xx" (if you make CORS requests). The reason for "Network Error" is described well here on this StackOverflow answer
All the other types of errors
If your error object doesn't have the response
or request
field on it, that means its not an axios error and theres likely something else wrong in your app. The error message + stack trace should help you figure out where its coming from.
How do you fix it?
Degrading the user experience
This all depends on your app. For the projects I work on, for each of the features that use those endpoints, we degrade the user experience.
For example, if the request fails, and the page is useless without that data, then we have a bigger error page that will appear and offer users a way out - which sometimes is only a "Refresh the page" button.
Another example, if a request fails for a profile picture in a social media stream, we can show a placeholder image and disable profile picture changes, along with a toaster message explaining why the "update profile picture" button is disabled. However, showing an alert saying "422 Unprocessable Entity" is useless to see as a user.
Spotty networks
The web client I work on is used in school networks which can be absolutely terrible. The availability of your backend barely has anything to do with it, the request sometimes fail to leave the school network.
To solve these types of intermittent network problems, we added in axios-retry. This solved a good amount of the errors we were seeing in production. We added this to our axios setup:
const _axios = require('axios')
const axiosRetry = require('axios-retry')
const axios = _axios.create()
// https://github.com/softonic/axios-retry/issues/87
const retryDelay = (retryNumber = 0) => {
const seconds = Math.pow(2, retryNumber) * 1000;
const randomMs = 1000 * Math.random();
return seconds + randomMs;
};
axiosRetry(axios, {
retries: 2,
retryDelay,
// retry on Network Error & 5xx responses
retryCondition: axiosRetry.isRetryableError,
});
module.exports = axios;
We were able to see that 10% of our users (which are in crappy school networks) were seeing sporadic "Network Errors" and that dropped down to <2% after adding in automatic retries on failure.
^ This is a screenshot of our errors is the count of "Network Errors" as they appear in NewRelic and are showing <1% of requests are erroring out.
Which leads to my last point:
Add error reporting to your front-end
Its helpful to have front-end error/event reporting so that you know whats happening in prod before your users tell you. At my day job, we use NewRelic Browser (paid service - no affiliation, just a fan) to send error events from the front-end. So whenever we catch an exception, we log the error message, along with the stack trace (although thats sometimes useless with minified bundles), and some metadata about the current session so we can try to recreate it.
Other tools that fill this space are Sentry + browser SDK, Rollbar, and a whole bunch of other useful ones listed here
Wrapping up
If you get nothing else out of this, do one thing.
Go to your code base now, and review how you're handling errors with axios.
- Check if you're doing automatic retries, and consider adding
axios-retry
if you aren't - Check that you're catching errors, and letting the user know that something has happened.
axios.get(...).catch(console.log)
isn't good enough.
So. How do you handle your errors? Let me know in the comments.
324 Comments. Leave new
Great! Solved my Query. Thanks for your help
Hi it is great article.
I am asking where to put code if we want to be exexute only if there is no errors?
It would go in the “then” block.
axios
.post(url, data)
.then(res => {
// the post worked, no errors.. do whatever you’ve got to do with the result
})
.catch(err => {
// bad things happened, check err.response.status if it exists, do logging or whatever
});
One of the best explanations ever. It goes directly to the point with short and clear explanations. IMHO the best aspect is the clarity in connecting the dots between promises and await/async.
Great post on this. Thanks! I’m curios how you would handle ‘429 Too Many Requests’?
I’m using a paid api and there is a rate limit of 5 request per second. I have one view which requires 12 request. I throttle the request at 250ms but once in a while I get a 429 on one or 2 of the request.
Would you use axios retry for this error? I tried setting up retry but I wasn’t sure if it was actually retrying… lol. I see your code is slightly different then how I had retry set up so I’ll model your code. Is their a way to test if a retry is being made.
Thanks! -Brian
I would use Bottleneck or another similar package
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